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Grade 5 Math SOL Study Guide

Practice for the Grade 5 Math Virginia SOL test across all 14 standards and 5 strands. SOL Prep turns every standard into a diagnostic, guided notes, flashcards, and SOL-style practice questions — so you drill what you’re actually weak on instead of re-reviewing what you know.

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Grade 5 Math SOL practice tests

Practice Grade 5 Math with 399 free questions from official Virginia Department of Education released tests, or drill standard by standard with SOL Prep.

What Grade 5 Math covers

Number and Number Sense

  • 5.NS.1 — Identify and represent equivalency between fractions (denominators: thirds, eighths, factors of 100) and decimals; compare and order fractions and decimals.
  • 5.NS.2 — Demonstrate understanding of prime and composite numbers and determine prime factorization of whole numbers up to 100.

Computation and Estimation

  • 5.CE.1 — Estimate, represent, solve, and justify solutions to single-step and multistep contextual problems using whole number operations.
  • 5.CE.2 — Estimate, represent, solve, and justify solutions to problems using addition and subtraction of fractions and multiplication of whole numbers and proper fractions.
  • 5.CE.3 — Estimate, represent, solve, and justify solutions to problems using addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division with decimal numbers.
  • 5.CE.4 — Simplify numerical expressions with whole numbers using the order of operations.

Measurement and Geometry

  • 5.MG.1 — Solve problems involving length, mass, and liquid volume using metric units.
  • 5.MG.2 — Solve problems involving perimeter, area, and volume using multiple representations.
  • 5.MG.3 — Classify and measure angles and triangles, and solve problems involving angles.

Probability and Statistics

  • 5.PS.1 — Apply the data cycle with a focus on line plots (dot plots) and stem-and-leaf plots.
  • 5.PS.2 — Solve contextual problems using measures of center and the range.
  • 5.PS.3 — Determine the probability of an outcome by constructing a model of a sample space and using the Fundamental (Basic) Counting Principle.

Patterns, Functions, and Algebra

  • 5.PFA.1 — Identify, describe, extend, and create increasing and decreasing patterns with whole numbers, fractions, and decimals.
  • 5.PFA.2 — Investigate and use variables in contextual problems.

Frequently asked questions

What is on the Grade 5 Math SOL test?

The Grade 5 Math Virginia SOL test is organized into 5 reporting strands: Number and Number Sense, Computation and Estimation, Measurement and Geometry, Probability and Statistics, Patterns, Functions, and Algebra. It assesses the 14 Standards of Learning listed on this page.

How many standards does Grade 5 Math cover?

Grade 5 Math covers 14 individual Virginia SOL standards across its 5 strands.

Where can I find Grade 5 Math SOL practice tests?

The Virginia Department of Education publishes official released tests and practice items at doe.virginia.gov — see our Virginia SOL practice tests guide for direct links. SOL Prep adds standard-by-standard practice for each of the 14 Grade 5 Math standards below.

How should I study for the Grade 5 Math SOL?

Start with a diagnostic to find which of the 14 Grade 5 Math standards you're weakest on, then focus practice there instead of re-reviewing what you already know. Work each standard's skills, then take a mixed practice check.